唐昭陵段简璧墓壁画“侍女图”易脱落彩绘的预加固与土锈去除工艺

Study on the pre-reinforcement and soil rust removing technology of the maid figure from the Tang Zhaoling Duan Jianbi tomb murals

唐昭陵段简璧墓出土的壁画黏结严重土锈,遮盖污染原貌,这些土锈与壁画表面颜料层黏结紧密,如用机械方法进行去除,将会使壁画颜料层一起脱落,造成不可弥补的损失。本文研究了一种水性氟预加固材料与预加固工艺:先对易脱落颜料与土锈进行预加固增强其附着力;再以精细工艺去除土锈,从而完整再现壁画原貌。依据文物保护对预加固剂的要求,对预加固剂水性氟的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:水性氟的成膜性、耐酸碱性、附着力、可逆性、热稳定性良好,在实际操作过程中对易损彩绘颜料层起到加固作用,又不影响后续土锈清理工作,可以用作易损伤彩绘的预加固。

The murals in Duan Jianbi tomb from the Zhaoling mausoleum of Tang Dynasty were seriously contaminated by soil rust leading to the invisiblity of patterns. The soil rust attached to the mural pigment layer could not be removed by mechanical method in order to prevent the peeling of pigment layer. To enhance the adhesive strength of pigment on mural, the mural was prereinforced by the waterborne fluorine, which is helpful to remove the soil rust through hand work to restore the contaminated mural. In this paper, the property of pre-reinforcement materials （waterborne fluorine） and pre-reinforcement technology were studied. The results showed that waterborne fluorine has good film property, acid and alkali resistance, strong adhesion, reversibility and thermal stability. In addition, the method of pre-reinforcement using waterborne fluorine not only achieve strengthening of the pigment layer, but also make the removal of soil rust easily. This method could be applied in the pre-reinforcement of fragil ancient color relics.