顺康雍朝东北流人数量考

Verification of the number of the exiled in northeast China during the Shun-Kang-Yong Period

清前期,清政府将大量流人遣戍东北地区,以充实根本之地。但流人在东北开发过程中发挥了何种作用,学界尚有争议。其中,流人的数量无疑是一个极富价值的参考坐标。因此,为准确认知清前期东北边疆开发情况,梳理中国第一历史档案馆、辽宁省档案馆等馆藏清代满文档案,对顺康雍朝东北流人数量的记载,能够从一定层面上反应清前期东北边疆的开发情况。考证发现,流人在经济基础较好的盛京地区发挥的作用较小,但在经济、文化相对落后的吉林、黑龙江地区则发挥了先驱者的作用。在开发过程中,流人将其所负载的内地先进文化传播于东北边疆,在某种程度上成为内地与边疆联系的纽带,其在经济、文化等方面的开发活动促使清前期东北地域社会发生了重大变迁。因此,流人即使不能成为两地开发的主力,但其先驱者的作用是确凿无疑的。

During the early Qing dynasty,the Qing Government dispatched a large number of the exiled to defend the northeast to strengthen the key base. However,the scholars concerned have controversies over the roles of the exiled in the northeast exploitation.Among them,the number of the exiled is a key reference indicator with high value undoubtedly. Therefore,in order to have an accurate grasp of the conditions of the northeast borderland exploitation during the early Qing dynasty,this paper verifies the number of the exiled during the Shun-Kang-Yong Period by examining the Manchu archives of the Qing dynasty housed in the First Historical Archives of China and Liaoning Provincial Archives,and concludes that the exiled played a less important role in Shengjing area which had a fairly good economic foundation while they played a pioneering role in Jilin and Heilongjiang which were relatively backward economically and culturally. In this process,the exiled as a link between the interior and the northeast of China brought the advanced culture of the interior land to the borderland of northeast China,and their economic and cultural activities resulted in great social changes in northeast China. Thus,there is no denial that the exiled played a pioneering role in northeast China in that historical period.