青光眼动物模型研究进展

Progress on glaucoma animal model researches

青光眼是由病理性高眼压引起，以视网膜神经节细胞凋亡、视功能逐渐丧失为主要特征的一种进行性视神经病变。眼压升高是疾病发生及进展的主要危险因素。而动物模型是研究青光眼的主要手段之一，通过阻断房水的流出途径，增大房水外流阻力，使眼压升高对眼底视神经造成压迫，使视神经产生直接的机械性损伤，这几乎是所有高眼压模型的建立原理。按眼压升高的缓急，主要分急性和慢性模型：慢性青光眼模型建立方法多样，主要通过诱导眼压持续稳定升高从而模拟慢性青光眼长期进展的病程；而急性青光眼模型则通过诱导眼压在短时间内急剧升高，从而出现神经细胞的进行性死亡，得以模拟急性青光眼短期内疾病发生的机制。目前建立的青光眼动物模型有很多，但仍缺少一个理想的动物模型能够十分契合地模拟慢性青光眼的发生及发展过程。

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies, characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） and visual field loss, and chronically elevated intraocular pressure （lOP） is a well-known and well-studied risk factor for disease progression. The animal model is one of the main methods to research glaucoma： by blocked the outflow pathway of aqueous humor, increased outflow resist- ance, and increased IOP to produce direct mechanical damage on optic nerve, which is common principle to established glaucoma animal model. According to the duration of lOP increased, the models can be divided into acute and chronic model. The chronic model was established by induced lOP increased chronically and steadily. But the acute glaucoma model was induced by lOP increased sharply to make the RGCs deathed progressively. There are many methods to established animal models of glaucoma, but did not have an ideal model that can fit the occurrence and development of chronic glaucoma well.