从“一个葱头”看俄罗斯近代小说中的佛教精神渗透

The Buddhism's spirit infiltration in Russian modern novels—— from the perspective of An Onion

芥川龙之介的短篇小说《蜘蛛之丝》与陀思妥耶夫斯基的小说《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中的一节"一个葱头"故事结构重合,情节相似,结局一致,两者之间的关系一直令读者感到好奇。学界对此早有论断,因《蜘蛛之丝》出现较晚,常被看做"一个葱头"的拟仿之作。而托尔斯泰也曾翻译过一篇与芥川小说内容完全相同的民间故事。本文通过《蜘蛛之丝》的流传脉络,陀思妥耶夫斯基的生命轨迹,故事形态学分析和宗教教义对比,以及托尔斯泰对佛教的研究和对这个故事的论断,展示了俄罗斯近代小说与佛教精神千丝万缕的联系。

Sharing the similarities in the story structure, plot and the ending of the two novels, the relationship between The Spider＇ s Thread written by Ryunosuke Akutagawa and An Onion in The Brothers Karamazov written by Fyodor Dostoevsky, has aroused the curiosity of the readers. It has been affirmed by the academic circle that The Spider＇s Thread is the imitation of An Onion because it was published later. More complicatedly, Tolstoy also translated a folktale which is identical with Ryunosuke＇ s novel. This article will make judgement on which one is the origin of the stories, and show innumerable relationship between Russian modern novels and Buddhist spirit, through the spread of The Spider＇s Thread, the life trace of Fyodor Dostoevsky as well as Tolstoy＇ s study of Buddhism and his conclusion of the story, and by means of folktale morphology analysis and the religious doctrine comparison.