石墨烯在生物医学中的应用

Application of graphene in biomedicine

随着生物医学应用的发展,石墨烯已经成为了新一代的生物材料。它是一类仅有单原子厚度、二维蜂窝网状结构的纳米材料,它的出现吸引了整个科学界的关注并且迅速成为被研究较广泛的碳材料。自2004年被发现以来,石墨烯及其衍生物(氧化石墨烯和还原的石墨烯氧化物)因其独特的光学、机械、电子、热和磁特性受到了生物医学界的日益重视。例如,氧化石墨烯是石墨烯的水溶性衍生物,由于它的多官能化及与各种生物分子的高效表面负荷,得到了生物技术领域的广泛研究,这类生物相容的碳基材料可促进干细胞的生长和诱导其向各种细胞谱系分化。此外,石墨烯促进成骨细胞分化的能力使之成为了骨再生研究的一种新兴材料。本文综述了石墨烯和石墨烯氧化物在生物学领域中研究及应用的最新进展。

With the development of biomedical applications, graphene has become a new generation of biomaterial. It is a class of nanomaterial with a single atom atomic thickness and two-dimensional honeycomb network structure. Its appearance attracted the attention of the whole scientific community and quickly became the most widely studied carbonic material. Since 2004, graphene and its derivatives （graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide） have been increasingly valued by the biomedical community because of their unique optical, mechanical, electronic, thermal and magnetic properties. For example, graphene oxide is a water-soluble derivative of graphene, which has achieved extensive studies in the field of biotechnology due to their multivalent functionalization and high efficient surface loading with various biomolecules. This biocompatible carbonic material can promote stem cells growth and induce their differentiation into a variety of cell lineages. In addition, the ability of graphene to promote osteoblast differentiation has made it an emerging material for bone regeneration research. This paper reviews the recent advances of graphene and graphene oxide in the studies and applications of biological area.