完善合同解除制度的立法建议

Legislative Proposal of the Improvement of the Contract Termination System

为第三人利益的合同可以成为合同解除的对象。从给付义务、附随义务被违反时可以产生解除权,但须严格成立要件。政府行为导致合同不能履行时产生解除权,致使合同履行显失公平时,适用情事变更原则。无论是不可抗力还是通常事变,致使不能实现合同目的时均可产生解除权。主要义务或大部分义务已被履行的场合,原则上不允许债权人解除合同。有些约定,表面形式上似乎属于他种法律制度或规则,但实质上应为约定解除。在违约行为和不可抗力均为解除事由的情况下,应由解除权人选择决定以何为由解除合同。在合同已经成为不能履行、债务的标的不适于强制履行或者履行费用过高的情况下,违约方也应享有解除权。通过区分合同解除的类型而确定有无损害赔偿,违约解除不排斥支付违约金或承担违约损害赔偿责任。

The contract for third party＇s benefits can turn into the object of rescission of the contract. With strict requirements,the violation of Nebenleistungspflicht and Nebenpflicht can generate the right of cancellation.When the recission right of contract was caused by the government＇s behavior,which results in the inequity of contract execution,it can go for the doctrine of change of circumstances. Whether vis major or normally incident,the right to cancel the contract is ensured when the purpose of the contract cannot be realized. When the principal obligation of a contract was fulfilled,creditors are not allowed to terminate the contractin principle. On the surface,some of the appointments seems belong to other legal systems or rules,but in practice they are engagement rescinding. When the vis major and nonperformance are both the reasons of rescission of contract,the right of which reason to be chosen to terminate the contract is owned by obligee. When the contract can＇t be performed or the subject matter of debt not fit for enforcement or the performance expenses are excessively high,the delinquent party can also get the right to disarm.To make sure whether there is compensation for damages or not by distinguish the types of termination of contract,discharge of contract by breach do not reject the payment of liquidated damage or liable for damage compensation.