民国学术发展的一个估量 教育部学术审议委员会学术奖励成果类别分析

An Assessment of the Academic Development in the Republic of China A categorized analysis of the academic achievements rewarded by the Republican Ministry of Education's Academic

1941—1948年间获得国民政府教育部学术审议会奖励的作品,其学科分布在相当程度上反映了当时各学科的发展状况,成为估量民国学术发展的样本。研究表明,人文社会科学方面相关现实研究诸如政治学、经济学、法学、社会学等还没有被学界广泛公认的一流作品;相对应的哲学、历史学等纯学术研究则已获得了共识。自然科学各门学科已有长足发展,特别是数学、物理学等已有具世界性影响的成果出现,应用科学也在解决当日技术难题上取得了相当多的成就。这些成果虽是在抗战这样困苦条件下取得,但仍在相当程度上表征了民国学术发展的较高水准,成为对民国学术发展水平进行评估的参照。当然,作为中国近代学术体系创立和起步阶段的学术奖励活动,也显示了处于新陈代谢过程中学术发展的复杂性——传统与近代、新与旧、四部之学与分科之学交织一起。

The works that rewarded by the Academic Review Committee of the Ministry of Education of the Nationalist Government, during 1941-1948, reflected the development of each discipline at that time to a considerable extent through the discipline distribution of themselves, thus become a sample to assess the academic development of the Republic of China. As researches have shown, there were no first class works that were widely recognized by the academic circle in humanities and social sciences, such as political science, economics, jurisprudence, sociology, etc.; by contrast, pure academic disciplines such as philosophy, history, etc., have gained common recognition. Disciplines of natural science have made substantial progress, in particular, there were works of worldwide influence in mathematics, physics, etc., and disciplines in applied science had achieved a lot in solving technical problems of that time also. Although those works were done under hard conditions such as the Anti-Japanese War, they still reflected and embodied the relatively high standard of, and could be regarded as a reference to, the academic development of the Republic of China. Of course, as an academic rewarding practice at the very founding and beginning of China＇s modern academic system, it also demonstrated the complexity of academic development during the process of metabolism, i.e., an interweaving across tradition and modern, new and old, and, Confucian classics, history, philosophy and literature and branched subjects .