医疗机构微生物气溶胶传播及健康风险分析

Transmission and health risk analysis of microbial aerosol in medical institutions

医疗机构微生物气溶胶与医务人员和患者的健康密切相关,吸入微生物气溶胶粒子不仅会引起感染性疾病,还会引起哮喘、神经退行性疾病等非感染性疾病。长期以来,国内对各医疗机构气溶胶污染状况多采用沉降法进行监测,对重点部门监测研究较多,但对医疗机构生物气溶胶的分布、组成和风险的评估不够,对候诊区、人员聚集场所和医务人员职业暴露研究较少。本文通过文献综述法,了解国内外有关医疗机构空气微生物气溶胶的特性,微生物气溶胶的健康风险和监测方法选用,以期进一步指出监测和评估医疗机构环境中生物气溶胶分布、组成的重要性,提高对医疗机构微生物气溶胶传播及健康风险分析研究的认识。

Microbial aerosols in medical institutions are closely related to the health of medical staff and patients.Inhaling microbial aerosol particles can cause not only infectious diseases but also non-infectious diseases such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases.For a long time,the sedimentation method was used to monitor the status of aerosol pollution in various medical institutions in our country,and great efforts were made in the monitoring of key departments.However,there is not enough assessment of the distribution,composition and risk of microbial aerosols in medical institutions.There is little research on occupational exposure in waiting areas,gathering places and medical staff.Through literature review,this article aimed to understand the characteristics of microbial aerosols in the medical institutions at home and abroad,the health risks of microbial aerosols and monitoring methods selection,in order to further point out the importance of monitoring and evaluation of the distribution and composition of the microbiological aerosols in the environment of medical institutions,and improve the understanding of microbial aerosol transmission and health risk analysis in medical institutions.