4种常用渔药对花鳗鲡幼鱼的急性毒性

Acute Toxicity of Four Conventional Aquatic Chemicals on Juvenile Marbled Eel Anguilla marmorata

在水温27~29℃下,采用静水试验法研究高锰酸钾、甲醛、食盐和二氧化氯等4种常用渔药对平均体质量(0.16±0.07)g花鳗鲡幼鱼的急性毒性。结果发现,高锰酸钾对花鳗鲡幼鱼的24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为4.45、3.66、3.46、3.31mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.74mg/L;甲醛对花鳗鲡幼鱼的24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为104.74、93.75、89.95、88.78 mg/L,安全质量浓度为22.54mg/L;食盐对花鳗鲡幼鱼的24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为27 392、25 461、23 699、22 278mg/L,安全质量浓度为6600mg/L;二氧化氯对花鳗鲡幼鱼的24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为3.74、2.76、2.60、2.44mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.45mg/L。花鳗鲡幼鱼对4种渔药的敏感性为:二氧化氯>高锰酸钾>甲醛>食盐;其中高锰酸钾和甲醛的安全质量浓度接近生产中常用剂量,在花鳗鲡养殖中要慎用;二氧化氯的安全质量浓度高于厂家推荐的使用剂量,但对花鳗鲡幼鱼具有较强的致死效应;食盐的安全质量浓度高于生产中常用剂量,在花鳗鲡养殖中可放心使用。

The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate,formaldehyde,sodium chloride and chlorine dioxide to juvenile marbled eel Anguilla marmorata with body weight of（0.16±0.07）g was studied at water temperature of 27—29 ℃ using a static bioassay test.The results showed that the static acute 24 h LC50 of juvenile marbled eel was 4.45 mg/L in potassium permanganate,104.74 mg/L in formaldehyde,27 392 mg/L in sodium chloride and 3.74 mg/L in chlorine dioxide;the 48 hLC50 was 3.66 mg/L in potassium permanganate,93.75 mg/L in formaldehyde,25 461 mg/L in sodium chloride and 2.76 mg/L in chlorine dioxide;the 72 hLC50 was 3.46 mg/L in potassium permanganate,89.95 mg/L in formaldehyde,23 699 mg/L in sodium chloride and 2.60 mg/L in chlorine dioxide;the 96 hLC50 was 3.31 mg/L in potassium permanganate,88.78 mg/L in formaldehyde,22 278 mg/L in sodium chloride and 2.44 mg/L in chlorine dioxide,with safe concentration（SC）of 0.74 mg/L in potassium permanganate,22.54 mg/L in formaldehyde,6600 mg/L in sodium chloride and 0.45 mg/L in chlorine dioxide.The order of susceptibility of the juveniles to four medicines was expressed as chlorine dioxidepotassium permanganateformaldehydesodium chloride.The findings indicate that potassium permanganate and formaldehyde should be used cautiously in common concentration,while sodium chloride and chlorine dioxide can be used safely.Chlorine dioxide has a strong lethal effect on juvenile marbled eel although the safety concentration was much higher than the concentration recommended by the disinfectant manufacture.