建宁地区早熟梨品种筛选

Preliminary Research on Selection of Precocious Pears in Jianning Area

为筛选福建省建宁地区早熟梨品种,以黄花梨为砧木,通过高接换种嫁接翠冠、翠玉、清香、西子绿、雪青、长寿6个早熟梨品种的芽穗,并以黄花作为对照品种,观察、测定比较各早熟梨品种的生长期、主要生长指标等。结果表明:翠冠萌芽率98.7%、坐果率78.7%、产量12675 kg·hm^(-2)、可溶性固形物含量12.6%,均比对照品种(黄花)高,其中萌芽率、产量2项指标达到显著差异,只有单果重比黄花低,但未达到显著差异,其成熟期比黄花早18 d;清香单果重297 g、产量12795kg·hm^(-2),均比黄花高,并且2项指标均达到显著差异,可溶性固形物含量与黄花相同,萌芽率、坐果率比黄花低,但未达到显著差异,其成熟期比黄花早11 d。翠冠和清香的成熟期早,而且各项指标均比较好,进一步综合外观、口感、抗病性等因素,建议在建宁地区,以翠冠和清香作为早熟梨的主推品种,并可适量推广一些翠玉。

With Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Huanghuali as the stock, through high grafting technology to grafted the precocious pears va- riety of Cui Guan, Cui Yu, Qing Xiang, Xi Zi Lv, Xue Qing, Chang Shou. Huang Hua was the variety of contrast. The seedling stage, blooming period, growth period and deciduous stage of each precocious pear variety were observed, and the bearing rate, fruit-set rate, fruit weight, soluble solids content, yield of each precocious pear variety were measured. Through the comparative analysis concluded that Cui Guan with 98. 7% bearing rate,78. 7% fruit-set rate, 12675 kg ·hm^-2 yield, and 12. 6% soluble solids content were higher than contrast variety. Compare with contrast variety, bearing rate, yield and soluble solids content were significant difference. Only fruit weight is lower than contrast variety without significant difference. Cui Guan matured earlier than the contrast variety of Huang Hua 18 days. Qing Xiang with 297 g fruit weight, and 12795 kg ·hm^-2 yield were higher than contrast variety. Compare with contrast variety, fruit weight and yield were significant difference. Qing Xiang had the same soluble solids content with contrast variety. Bearing rate and fruit-set rate is lower than contrast variety without significant difference. Qing Xiang matured earlier than the contrast variety of Huang Hua 11 days. Cui Guan and Qing Xiang mature earlier than the contrast variety of Huang Hua and with re- markable index. Combined factors of appearance, quality and disease resistance, suggested that the main promoting precocious pears variety are Cui Guan and Qing Xiang, a moderate amount of promoting variety is Cui Yu.