家畜剩余采食量性状候选基因的研究进展

Advances in candidate genes for residual feed intake in livestock

为提高养殖企业的经济效益,实现快速稳定发展,满足我国人民对家畜产品的需求,科研人员力求在不影响家畜生长、育肥及繁殖性能的前提下,提高饲料利用效率,降低饲养成本。利用剩余采食量（residual feed intake,RFI）相对值（即实际采食量与预测采食量的差值）,进行家畜选择能够实现这一目标。RFI是衡量动物饲料效率的有效指标,被广泛应用。RFI越低的动物,饲料利用效率越高。RFI性状受很多因素影响,如日粮因素、环境条件、健康状况、遗传因素等。在日粮、环境以及健康状况相似时,个体遗传因素是控制RFI性状的主要因素。目前对剩余采食量性状遗传因素的研究仍处于探索阶段,控制性状的主效基因以及标志性基因还需要挖掘。笔者就近些年研究RFI的候选基因进行总结,为深入研究控制RFI性状的分子机制提供思路。

In order to improve the economic benefits of breeding enterprises,to achieve rapid and stable development,to meet the needs of Chinese on animal products,the scientific workers hoped to improve feed utilization and reduce the feed cost,but not affect livestock growth,fattening and reproductive performance.Residual feed intake（RFI） relative value（the actual feed intake and forecast feed intake difference） was used to achieve livestock selection.RFI was widely used as an effective indicator of animal feed efficiency.It manifested the higher feed efficiency in the lower the RFI value of animals.RFI traits were affected by many factors,including dietary factors,environmental conditions,health status,genetic factors.Individual genetic factors were the main factors of controlling the RFI traits in the similar condition of diets,environment and health status.At present,the study was still in its exploratory phase,and the main genes and the marker genes of controlling traits needed to be excavated.In this paper,the candidate genes of RFI in recent years were summarized,which provided reference for researching the molecular mechanism of controlling RFI traits.