如何看待新时代的社会主要矛盾

How to View the Principal Social Contradiction in the New Era

新时代的本质特点是经济过剩和政治、文化、社会、生态等方面的供给短缺,因此必须以全面生产代替片面生产,以自由个性代替"有钱任性"。这要求对新时代的社会主要矛盾进行分析。一方面,"人民日益增长的美好生活需要"本身有其不同层次,并按层次变化形成不同结构,有待整合;另一方面,所谓"不平衡不充分的发展"存在自相矛盾的内部关系,突出表现为个人物质利益与社会精神追求的对立,亟须超越。只有把握了新时代社会主要矛盾两个方面的内部结构及其动态反馈关系,才能理解:第一,"美好生活需要"并非天然存在,而是在克服需要异化的基础上建构起来的;第二,超越"不平衡不充分的发展",必须吸取发达国家利润至上和消费社会的经验教训,处理好"以人民为中心"和"以经济建设为中心"的关系。

The intrinsic feature of the new era is the surplus of economy and shortage of supply in the areas of politics, cul- ture, society and ecology. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the one-sided production with full-spectrum production, and re- place the ＂rich and capricious＂ style with free individuality. This requires an analysis of the principal social contradiction in the new era. On the one hand, ＂the people＇s ever-growing needs for a better life＂ have their own different levels, and form different structures according to the changing levels that needs to be integrated; on the other hand, there is a self-contradictory internal re- lationship with the so-called ＂unbalanced and inadequate development＂, with a prominent manifestation of the contradiction be- tween the pursuit of personal material interests and the spirit of the community. There is an urgent need to transcend this situa- tion. Only by grasping the internal structure and the dynamic feedback relationship between the two aspects of the principal social contradiction in the new era, can we understand the following ideas： first, ＂the needs for a better life＂ do not exist naturally, but constructed on the basis of overcoming the alienation of needs; second, to transcend the ＂unbalanced and inadequate develop- lnent＂, we must learn from the experiences and lessons found in developed countries featuring profit-oriented and consumer-ori- ented society, and handle the relationship between ＂people-centered＂ governance and ＂economy-centered＂ governance.