朱熹解《论语》“克己复礼”与“身能反礼”——兼论朱熹晚年对克己与复礼关系的阐释

Zhu Xi's Interpretation of “Self-denial” and “Self-empowering” in The Analects of Confucius——Also on Zhu Xi's Interpretation of the Relationship between Self-denial and Re-submission in His Later Years

朱熹解《论语》"克己复礼",其重要之处不止在于将"克"训为"胜",而更在于他晚年强调克己与复礼的密切联系,既反对只讲克己不讲复礼,又不赞同只讲复礼不讲克己。就其将"克"训为"胜"而言,朱熹与孔安国讲"身能反礼"以及杨简将"克"训为"能",只是文字上的差别,并非义理上的对立。强调克己与复礼的密切联系,对于理解朱熹的解读至关重要。

In Zhu Xi＇s interpretation of ＂self-denial＂ in The Analects of Confucius, the importance is not with the un- derstanding of ＂denial＂ as ＂defeating＂, but with his emphasis on the close connection between self-denial and self-submis- sion in his later years. He both opposed the idea of excluding self-submission from self-denial and opposed the other way a- round. In terms of his understanding, Zhu Xi did not differ much from Kong Anguo, who discussed ＂self-empowering＂, not from Yang Jian, who explained ＂denial＂ as ＂capability＂, except for difference in wording, rather than theoretical op- position. Emphasizing the close connection between self-denial and re-submission is of crucial importance in understanding Zhu Xi＇s interpretation.