超越论现象学与历史唯物主义——以拜物教与事象化关系为核心的探讨

Transcendental Phenomenology and Historical Materialism——A Discussion with the Relationship between Fetishism and Versachlichung as Its Core

德国古典哲学之后,胡塞尔与马克思不仅提出了共同的哲学问题,即绝对存在如何构造现实性,而且共同将之标明为"事象化"。所不同的是,这一概念在历史唯物主义那里意味着对资本主义的一种深层的拜物教批判,而超越论现象学则将之理解为绝对存在的一种内在的本质性的构造。在此对立中,超越论现象学所揭示的善对存在的奠基构造受到了马克思的拜物教批判的激烈挑战。马克思指出,善与存在,后者优先;在资本主义社会所谓"善"是资本剩余活动的产物,是被资本主义所伪造的。

After the German classical philosophy, Husserl and Marx not only put forward the same philosophical prob- lem, namely how does the absolute Being construct the reality, but also mark this construction as Versachlichung. The difference lies in that, this concept is prescribed by historical materialism as a kind of criticism of fetishism in capitalism, while transcendental phenomenology comprehends it as an intrinsic and essential construction of the absolute Being. With regard to that, the fact that the Being is grounded on and constituted by the Good, which is revealed by transcendental phe- nomenology, is fiercely challenged by Marx＇s criticism of fetishism. Mark indicated that between the Good and the Being, the latter should be prioritized. In a capitalist society, the so-called ＂Good＂ is the product of surplus activities of capital, and forged by capitalism.