基于关联维数的地质灾害空间分布特征分析

Analysis on spatial distribution of geological hazards based on correlated fractal dimension

通过分形理论中关联维数及其动态变化来揭示黑水河流域地质灾害的时空分布特征,并探讨了影响区内地质灾害空间分布的相关因素。研究表明:区内不同规模地质灾害点系统空间分布具有分形特征,崩塌灾害点的分布最为集中,滑坡次之,泥石流则最为分散;近十年来区内每年所发生灾害的空间分布集中程度变化剧烈,呈现强集中、弱分散的特点;近五年来每年所发生的灾害呈逐渐分散趋势,但灾害的累积却有逐渐集中的趋势;影响区内地质灾害空间分布异同的主要因素为地形坡度、地层岩性、河流、降雨、人类工程活动、高程、断裂。

This paper uses fractal method to analyze the distribution characteristic of geological hazards of Heishui River,and analyses the related factors. It has been shown that the spatial structure of geological hazards had fractal characteristics in the studied area. The spatial distribution of collapses were most dense,landslides were the second,the spatial distribution of debris-flows were a very fragmented system. In recent decades,strong concentration and weak dispersion becoming major features of the distribution characteristic of geological hazards. The distribution characteristic of geological hazards took on a diffuse trend,but the distribution characteristic of the accumulation of geological hazards t are centralized trend in the past five years. The occurrence of the geologic hazard are closely related to the landform,rainfall and river,stratum lithology,human engineering activities,elevation and fault.