教育扩张与教育的代际流动性

Educational Expansion and Intergenerational Educational Mobility

根据2013年中国居民收入调查数据,对我国教育代际流动性以及教育扩张过程中不同人群受益分布进行分析。教育扩张总体上提高了教育流动性,降低了受教育程度代际向下流动的可能性,提高了代际受教育程度向上流动的可能性。但不同家庭在教育扩张中的获益特征与城乡以及父母受教育程度的差异密切相关。父母受教育程度较低家庭的子女,从基础教育扩张中获得了更大的改善;高等教育扩张对于父母受教育程度较高家庭中的子女以及城镇子女,具有更为积极的贡献。从不同出生组教育代际流动性的变化来看,教育扩张对于提高教育流动性的效应在逐渐下降。因此,促进教育现代化的均衡发展,建设教育强国,需要在政策层面进行积极的调整。

On the basis of the 2013 Chinese Residents' Incomes Survey, we analyze intergenerational educational mobility and the distribution of benefits among different groups in the course of educational expansion. In general,educational expansion has raised educational mobility,reduced the possibility of downward intergenerational educational mobility, and increased the possibility of upward intergenerational mobility. However,the degree to which different families have benefited from the expansion of education is closely related to the urban-rural gap and the level of parental education. The expansion of basic education has been more advantageous to the children of less educated parents, whereas the expansion of higher education has made a greater contribution to children in families with higher levels of parental education and to urban children. In terms of changes in intergenerational mobility among different cohorts, the effect of educational expansion on raising education mobility is gradually decreasing. If, therefore, we are to promote the balanced development of educational modernization and build a nation that is an educational power, we need to make active adjustments at the policy level.