高考“解析几何”测试对高中数学教学的反拨效应分析——以高考(天津卷)数学(理工类)近五年解析几何试题为例

Analysis of the Backwash Effect of “Analytic Geometry” Test on High School Mathematics Teaching in the College Entrance Examination:Taking the Test of Analytic Geometry in Last 5 years of Tianjin College Entrance Examination as an Example

本文通过对天津市近五年高考数学试卷中解析几何试题的梳理,总结出天津卷解析几何试题的三个突出考查特点,即突出对基础知识基本技能的考查,突出对基本数学思想方法的考查,突出对综合能力数学素养的考查。同时对近五年解析几何试题作答情况以及典型试题进行分析,指出考生在解析几何学习中存在的五个不足,进而反思教师教学中存在的问题。最后从加强概念性质教学,建立知识的多元表征结构;加强数形结合思想教学,提升学生的直观想象素养;加强运算策略方法教学,提升学生的数学运算素养等三个方面提出教学建议。

This article provides an analysis of analytic geometry questions in the College Entrance Examination＇s mathematic paper in Tianjin in the last 5 years,summarizing three prominent characteristics of analytic geometry,which are highlighting the basic knowledge and basic skills,highlighting the basic mathematical thought and method of the study,and highlighting the comprehensive ability of mathematical literacy test.At the same time,the examinees＇ analytic geometry test answers and typical questions were analyzed.It points out that there are 5 deficiencies in the analytic geometry learning,which reflect on the problems existing in the teaching.Finally,teaching suggestions are put forward from three aspects：strengthening the teaching of concept properties,building the multi representation structure of knowledge,strengthening the teaching of number-shape combination,improving the students＇ intuitive imagination quality,enhancing operation strategies and teaching methods,and improving students＇ mathematical operation literacy.