高管认知视角下的竞争行为与企业绩效:高管团队职能背景的调节作用

An Investigation on Competitive Behavior and Firm Performance from the Perspective of Top Management Team Cognition: The Moderating Role of TMT's Functional Background

在经济全球化的时代背景下,企业的竞争行为及其高管的认知资源对企业创造竞争优势、提高绩效的过程发挥着重要作用。本研究基于动态竞争理论和高阶梯队理论,从高管团队认知的视角出发探讨了竞争行为与企业绩效的关系,不仅区分了营销竞争行为和研发竞争行为对企业绩效的不同影响,而且探讨了高管职能背景在这一过程中的调节作用。以我国沪深股市的85家高新技术企业为研究样本,结果发现:营销竞争行为对企业短期绩效的贡献大于长期绩效;研发竞争行为对企业短期绩效和长期绩效都有显著的正向影响;高管团队成员的职能背景显现出不同的调节作用:从短期来看,外围型职能背景的高管负向调节研发竞争行为与企业绩效的关系;从长期来看,产出型职能背景的高管对研发竞争行为与企业绩效的关系具有正向调节作用,生产型职能背景的高管具有负向调节作用。本研究丰富了动态竞争行为影响企业绩效的边界条件,对管理实践具有一定的启示意义。

In the context of economic globalization, competitive behavior and executive＇s cognitive resources play an important role in creating a competitive advantage and improving performance. Based on competitive dynamics theory and upper echelons theory, this study analyzes the different effects of marketing competitive behavior and R＆D competitive behavior on firm performance and discusses the role of executive＇s functional background from the cognition perspective. Using a sample of 85 high-tech enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets, the results show that： Marketing competition behavior makes greater contribution to short-term performance than long- term performance; R＆D competition behavior has a significant positive impact on short-term performance and long- term performance; The functional background shows different moderating effects： In the short term, peripheral- function negatively moderates the relationship between R＆D competition behavior and corporate performance. In the long run, output-function exerts a positive moderating effect, while throughput-function exerts a negative moderating effect. This study has enriched the boundary conditions of the influence of dynamic competitive behavior on firm performance.