“互联网＋”现代农业发展模式的国际比较与借鉴

The international comparison,tendency and reference of the development mode of “internet+” modern agriculture

基于文献检索及专家技术前瞻,归纳总结了国外主要国家"互联网+"现代农业的典型模式和前沿技术,探讨了其对中国的经验借鉴。结果表明,目前国外形成了美国全程全网化精准农业、荷兰工厂化设施物联网、德国技术创新驱动型"互联网+"农机智造、日本适度规模经营型精细化农业、韩国服务引领型"互联网+"农技推广和印度软件产业主导型信息服务等6种典型的"互联网+"现代农业发展模式。伴随大数据、人工智能、移动互联网等技术的发展,农业传感器、农业航空植保,农业机器人三大前沿技术将成为主导"互联网+"现代农业发展的重要技术力量,其发展特征将呈现集成化、专业化、网络化、实用化、普及化。结合国外在"互联网+"现代农业发展中强化政府引导、重视政府投入和法制法规建设、推进服务主体多元化和服务内容多样化以及突出产学研联合等四方面的经验,未来我国可通过技术创新、业态创新和模式创新驱动"互联网+"现代农业发展。

Based on extensive literature review and the prospective technical expertise, this paper summarized the typical patterns and cutting-edge technologies of ＂Internet＋＂ modern agriculture in some countries, discussed their implications for China. Results show that： 1） there are 6 major types of ＂Internet＋＂ modern agriculture in those developed countries, including the complete network of precision agriculture in the United States, the industrialized facility network in the Netherland, the technical innovation driven ＂Internet＋＂ agricultural machinery in German, the moderate operational scale precision agriculture in Japan, the service leading ＂Internet＋＂ agricultural technology extension in Korean, and the software industry dominated information service in India; 2） with the fast development of big data, artificial intelligence, and internet technologies, the agricultural sensor, agricultural aviation plant protection, and agricultural robot industries will become the leading driving forces for future ＂Internet＋＂ modern agriculture, and will display the following characteristics： integration, professionalization, networking, practicality, and popularization; 3） the practices and experiences of the developments of ＂Internet＋＂ modern agriculture in foreign countries could provide some guidance for China, including to pay attention to government investment and the establishment of laws and regulations, to promote diversification of investors and services, and to highlight the technology and application innovation of industry-university-research cooperation for ＂Internet＋＂ modern agriculture. Future development policy of＂Internet＋＂ modern agriculture in China should focus on the innovations of technology, business, and patterns.