快速城镇化地区农户生计资本分化特征及其对生计策略的影响——以上海市青浦区为例

The differentiation characteristics of farmers' livelihood capital and their influences on the livelihood strategy in rapid urbanization area:A case study of Qingpu District of Shanghai

在中国快速城镇化背景下,探讨农户生计资本与生计策略二者之间的关系对实现农户可持续生计具有重要意义。以上海市青浦区为例,在分析农户生计资本分化特征的基础上,运用多分类逻辑回归模型对农户生计资本和生计策略的关系进行了定量化模拟,以揭示影响农户生计策略选择的主要因素。结果表明:1)作为快速城镇化背景下的发达地区,农户生计策略类型分化为传统农业型、专业农业型、农业兼业型、非农兼业型和非农型等多种形态。2)不同生计策略类型农户的资本状况存在差异,大小顺序依次为专业农业型、非农兼业型、非农型、农业兼业型和传统农业型。其中,专业农业型农户在自然资本、物质资本和金融资本等方面均具有显著优势,非农型农户在人力资本方面具有优势,非农兼业型农户在社会资本方面表现最佳。3)多分类逻辑回归模型结果显示家庭整体劳动能力等7个变量是影响农户生计策略选择的主要因素,其中,户均家庭年收入起到重要作用。研究表明,农户所拥有的生计资本状况影响着其生计策略的选择,政府可以通过对不同生计类型农户采取针对性措施来改善其生计资本状况,以实现农户生计转型与可持续发展。

With rapid urbanization in China, it is of great significance to explore the relationship between farmers＇ livelihood capital and livelihood strategies to achieve farmers＇ sustainable livelihoods. Based on the analysis of the differentiation characteristics of farmers＇ livelihood capital in Qingpu District of Shanghai, and applying a multinomial logistic regression model, this paper explored the quantitative relationship between farmers＇ livelihood capital and livelihood strategy and identified some major factors affecting farmers＇ choice of livelihood strategies. Results show that： 1） for those well-developed districts under the background of rapid urbanization, farmers adopt various forms of livelihood strategies, including conventional agriculture strategy, specialized agriculture strategy, agriculture dependent strategy, non-agriculture-dependent strategy, and non-agriculture strategy; 2） farmers with different livelihood strategies show different characteristics in livelihood capital. Households with specialized agriculture show the highest livelihood capital, followed by households with non-agriculture dependent, households with non-agriculture, households with agriculture dependent, households with conventional agriculture. In addition, Specialized agriculture households have significant advantages in natural capital, physical capital and financial capital; non-agriculture households have advantages in human capital; non-agriculture-dependent households show the highest social capital; and 3） results of multinomial logistic regression model show that overall family labor ability and other six factors significantly affect farmers＇ choice of livelihood strategies, among which household average annual income plays an important role. In summary, the status of farmers＇ livelihood capital has an effect on their choice of livelihood strategies. The Government could take targeted measures for households with different livelihood strategies to improve their livelihood capital status, and further achieve farmers＇ livelihood transformation and sustainable development.