兴奋剂入刑之再思考

Research of Typification of the Anti-doping Criminal Legislation

世界反兴奋剂机构鼓励各国运用刑法管制兴奋剂,根据立法目的的不同,可将各国反兴奋剂刑事立法分为保护公共健康型立法、提供者规制型和使用者规制型立法。根据现有的权威性调查,保护公共健康型的立法并不足以有效遏制兴奋剂滥用,故从刑法上应当重视体育法益这一客体的保护。但即使如此,在决定对具体的兴奋剂违法违纪行为是否要进行刑法规制时,必须考虑到刑法的谦抑性原则,帕克所提出的刑事制裁界限的5点标准是刑法保持谦抑性的必要条件,应将拟入刑的行为与该标准做深入地比对,方可得出恰当的结论。我国应结合理论分析和各国司法实践经验教训,选择适合我国的反兴奋剂刑事立法类型。

The world anti -doping agency encourages the counties in the world using criminal law to controlling the doping. According to the object that the law regulated in different countries, the criminal anti - doping legislation can be divided into three kinds, the legislation which only protecting public health, the legislation which supporting the sports organization combating doping and the legislation which combating doping comprehensively. Based on the current authoritative investigation, the legislation which only protecting public health cannot suppress the abuse of doping effectively, so it should pay more attention to the protection of the sports legal interest. But we must consider the principal of restraining criminal law, Park＇ s five standards of the limits of the criminal sanction is the necessary condition to apply the principal of restraining criminal law, it should put the doping behavior under the standards, which can correct evaluate whether the behavior should be sentence to criminal penalty. It should combine the theory analyze with the experience of the juridical practice in other countries, and decide the kind of criminal anti - doping legislation which best suited to our country.