控释肥不同施肥位置及深度对小麦产量及根区土壤养分的影响

Effect of Application Depth and Location of Controlled-release Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Soil Nutrients of Root Zone

为筛选控释肥在小麦上的最佳施肥位置和深度,以实现小麦增产,肥料增效。设置种侧5 cm与种下的施肥位置和5 cm与10 cm的施肥深度,并将施肥位置与施肥深度交叉组合,进行盆栽与小区正交试验。控释肥种两侧5 cm和种侧5 cm+种下5 cm施用的小麦产量较高,较其他处理小麦产量提高7.16%~38.52%。控释肥种两侧5 cm和种侧5 cm+种下10 cm施用的小麦根区土壤无机态氮含量、有效磷及速效钾的含量均显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理。控释肥分层和分侧施用促进小麦对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收,可提高氮肥利用率,并以种下种两侧5 cm和种侧5 cm+种侧10 cm施用的氮肥利用率最高,较其他处理氮肥利用率平均提高35.6%。控释肥种两侧5 cm和种侧5 cm+种下10 cm施用为小麦产量与肥料利用率较高的2种优选施肥方式。

To screen out the optimum location and depth of controlled-release fertilizers application on wheat,and achieve yield and efficiency increase, the pot and plot orthogonal experiment were carried out by settingthe location of fertilizer application at seed side 5 cm and under seed, and the depth of fertilizer applicationunder seed 5 cm and 10 cm. The yield of controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm andat seed side 5 cm ＋ under seed 5 cm treatments were higher than the other treatments, which increased by7.16%-38.52%. The soil inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents ofcontrolled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm and at seed side 5 cm ＋ under seed 10 cm weresignificantly（P0.05） higher than that of the other treatments. The controlled-release fertilizer＇s stratified andlateral application could promote the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat, and increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat. Controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm andat seed side 5 cm ＋ under seed 10 cm had the highest nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, which increased by35.6% averagely than other treatments. Controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm and atseed side 5 cm ＋ under seed 10 cm were the two kinds of optimum fertilization methods for high yield and highnitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat.