不同施肥处理对‘K326’烟叶组织结构的影响

Effects of Fertilization Treatments on Leaf Structure of Tobacco 'K326'

通过观察烟叶叶片组织结构的变化推断出具体施肥处理对组织结构的影响,并选出一种最优的施肥处理,为实际栽种生产烟草提供参考。本研究应用石蜡切片法对不同施肥处理的‘K326’烟叶组织结构进行观察比较。结果表明:不同施肥处理对叶片的上下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、组织比(栅栏组织/海绵组织)等指标有显著影响,其中,处理L2(施纯氮112.5 kg/hm^2时)栅栏组织厚度最大,而处理L6(中钾处理,N:P:K=1:1:2.5)时最小;海绵组织和叶片厚度都是处理L1(施绿肥加纯氮75 kg/hm^2时最大),处理L4(不施肥时)最小;上下表皮细胞厚度均是L1处理时最大,L4处理时最小;组织比是L7无钾处理(N:P:K=1:1:0)时最大,而L3(施苕子,纯N 75 kg/hm^2,苕子的纯N量1.5kg)时最小。综合分析得到,L3处理时‘K326’烟叶的组织结构发育完整,组织间隙适中,弹性好,品质最好,而L5高钾处理(N:P:K=1:1:5)较L6处理和L7处理的烟叶组织结构发育较完整,建议在生产中采用施绿肥配合化肥的施肥方式,为使烟叶充分成熟则可以采用高钾(N:P:K=1:1:5)配比施肥,但该处理方法需延迟采收期。

Through observing the tissue structure change of tobacco leaves, we can infer the effect of specificfertilization and select an optimal fertilization treatment. In this study, the tissue structure of‘K326＇tobaccoleaves was observed and compared by using the method of paraffin section. The results showed that differentfertilization treatments had significant effect on the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, the thicknessof the palisade, the thickness of spongy tissue, the tissue ratio of the palisade tissue and spongy tissue, etc.Among them, treatment L2（pure nitrogen 112.5 kg/hm^2） had the maximum thickness of palisade tissue, whileL6（the medium potassium treatment, N：P：K=1：1：2.5） had the least; spongy tissue and leaf thickness were themaximum under treatment L1（green manure plus pure nitrogen 75 kg/hm^2）, and the minimum was under L4（no fertilization）; the thickness of cells＇ epidermal under L1 was the largest, but was the minimum under L4;the tissue ratio was the maximum under L7 treatment that had no K（N：P：K=1：1：0） and was the minimum underL3 treatment（application of Chinese trumpet creeper, pure N 75 kg/hm^2, pure N measure was 1.5 kg）. Theresults showed that the tissue structure development of‘K326＇tobacco leaves under treatment L3 was themost complete, the interstitial space was moderate, the elasticity was good, and the quality was the best, whilethe tissue structure development under treatment L5 with high potassium（N：P：K=1：1：5） was more completethan that under treatment L6 and L7. We suggest that in production, green manure should be applied withchemical fertilizer, and high potassium（N：P：K=1：1：5） treatment should be recommended to facilitate the fullmaturity of tobacco leaves, but this treatment needs the postponing of the picking time.