柠条营养动态分析及山羊瘤胃降解特性的研究

Nutrients Dynamic Change and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Caragana korshinskii in Goat

为研究陕北榆林地区柠条的营养动态及其在陕北白绒山羊瘤胃内的降解特性,分别于不同生育期采集柠条全株,测定常规营养成分含量;选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的陕北白绒山羊,采用尼龙袋法评定不同生育期柠条的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:(1)随着生育期的延续,柠条DM含量增加,休眠期柠条DM含量最高(P<0.05),但与结实期相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。盛花期和结实期柠条DM含量显著大于营养期(P<0.05)。盛花期柠条CP含量显著大于其他生育期(P<0.05)。随着生育期的延续,柠条NDF和ADF含量逐渐降低,结实期最低(P<0.05),而在休眠期则升至最高(P<0.05)。不同生育期柠条粗脂肪(EE)和粗灰分(CA)含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)不同生育期柠条营养物质在瘤胃内的降解率,随着饲料在瘤胃内停留时间的延长呈不同程度增加,且柠条营养物质在瘤胃内的降解主要发生在48 h内。营养期柠条在各时间点的营养物质降解率均最高,其次为盛花期,而结实期和休眠期营养物质降解率较低,且两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,营养期和盛花期柠条营养价值较高且营养物质的利用效率较高,为最佳刈割利用时期。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the nutrients dynamic change and rumen degradationcharacteristics of Caragana korshinskii in different growth periods in Shanbei white cashmere goat. The entireplants of C. korshinskii were collected in different growth periods, respectively, and the nutrients were analyzedafter preprocessing. Three Shanbei white cashmere goats fixed with permanent rumen fistulas were selectedand the rumen nylon bag technique was used to study the rumen degradation characteristics of C. korshinskii nutrients in different growth periods. The results showed that：（1） dry matter（DM） content of C. korshinskii increased with the extend of growth period, DM content of C. korshinskii in dormancy period was the highest（P0.05）, there was no significant difference in DM content of C. korshinskii between dormancy period andfructicative period（P0.05）, DM contents in flowering period and fructicative period were significantly higher than that in vegetative period（P0.05）, crude protein（CP） content in vegetative period was significantly higherthan that in other growth periods（P0.05）; the neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and the acid detergent fiber（ADF）contents decreased with the extend of growth period, and were the lowest in fructicative period（P0.05）,however, NDF and ADF contents rose to the highest level in dormancy period（P0.05）, there was nosignificant difference in the contents of ether extract（EE） and crude ash（CA） among different growth periods;（2） rumen degradation of C. korshinskii nutrients in different growth periods increased as the incubation timeextended, and C. korshinskii nutrients degraded mainly within 48 h in rumen, nutrients degradation ofvegetative period was the highest at every time point, next was the flowering period, however, nutrientsdegradation was lower in fructicative period and dormancy period, and the difference was not significantbetween the two periods（P0.05）. In summary, C. korshinskii is the roughage of high nutritive value, and theutilization rate of nutrient is higher in vegetative period and flowering period. So, C. korshinskii in vegetativeperiod and flowering period are the optimal for utilization.