汽车安全带预紧限力系统对前排乘员的保护性研究

Research on the Front Passenger Protection from the Seat Belt of the Pretensioners and Load Limiters

为了减轻前排乘客在正面碰撞中所受的伤害,对比卷收器、锚点、锁扣在预紧限力方式下的不同组合,采用碰撞仿真软件MADYMO建立了某型轿车副驾驶位的约束系统仿真模型,对碰撞伤害进行评估。同时采用WIC值来综合评价整个约束系统的保护效果。仿真结果显示:预紧限力锚点和预紧限力锁扣相组合的方式对前排乘客的综合伤害指标WIC值最小,为0.279,在这种组合下,其头部伤害指标HIC36、胸部3 ms合成加速度C3ms、胸部压缩量Ccomp以及左右大腿Fleft和Fright值分别为:243.05、24.21 g、25.86 mm、1.03 k N、0.22 k N。对于其他组合,预紧限力卷收器和预紧限力锚点在胸部方面的伤害值会有所改善,预紧限力卷收器和预紧限力锁扣组合在头部方面伤害值表现比较好,而对于单个预紧限力卷收器和三者结合反而效果不是很好。依照上述结果可以进一步对安全带锚点和锁扣详细参数进行细致的研究,为更有效地保护前排乘员安全提供参考。

In order to reduce the injury value of the frontal passenger in the frontal collision,comparing the combination of different ways of retractor,anchor and buckle in the condition ofpretensioner and load limiter,the frontal passenger constraint system model was simulated by the simulation software MADYMO in order to assess the injury value. At the same time,the WIC value is used to evaluate the protection effect of the whole constraint system. The simulation results show that the combination of the anchor and the buckle in the condition of pretensioner and load limiter meets the minimum of the frontal passenger injury value. Under the circumstance,the head injury criterion HIC36,the thorax 3 ms resultant acceleration C3 ms,the chest compression Ccompand the left and right femur force Fleft,Frightof the frontal passenger fell down to the value： 243. 05,24. 21 g,25. 83 mm,1.03 kN,0. 22 kN. For other combinations, including retractor and anchor in the condition of pretensioner and load limiter can improve in the chest value. Retractor and buckle in the condition of pretensioner and load limiter are better in the head injury value. For a single retractor and the combination of the three kinds of functions are not so good performance. The above results can further extend the research of the detailed parameters of the anchor and buckle,which is an important development direction for more effective protection of the frontal passenger.