摘要
汶川地震发生以来的近十年间,很多学者从不同的角度对震后青少年的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和创伤后成长(PTG)进行了考察,积累了丰富的研究成果。本研究从PTSD和PTG的发生状况和发展规律、影响因素及其机制等方面,对汶川地震后青少年的PTSD和PTG的相关研究进行了全面梳理。总体而言,随着时间的推移PTSD呈下降趋势,PTG长时间维持在较高水平;创伤后心理反应的影响因素可分为直接诱发因素(创伤暴露程度)、个体稳定型因素(人口学变量、人格类因素)、个体状态型因素(核心信念挑战、反刍思维、复原力、控制感)和环境因素(社会支持)等四类,这些因素对PTSD和PTG都会产生影响,但影响机制不尽相同。未来的研究可关注青少年创伤后心理反应的潜在类别及其影响机制、PTSD和PTG的关系及其在时间历程中的变化轨迹、PTSD和PTG对个体和群体心理社会行为的影响等议题。
Psychological reactions among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake were concerned by the society. Fol- lowing traumatic events, traumatized individuals not only reported posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD）, but also perceived positive psychological changes such as posttraumatic growth （PTG）. As contrast valance psychological reactions, PTSD and PTG may co-exist in traumatized individuals. Based on the previous research, this paper summarized the prevalence and pre- dictors of PTSD and PTG. As time goes by, PTSD shows downtrend and PTG maintains steady. The demographic varia- bles, personal traits, trauma exposure, core belief challenge, rumination, resilience, control belief and social support are common factors leading to PTSD and PTG, but the impact mechanism is different. Future studies may focus on the patterns and trajectories of PTSD and PTG among adolescents, the influence mechanism of PTSD and PTG on the psychosomatic re- actions and psychosocial behavior of both the individuals and the groups.
作者
王文超
伍新春
周宵
WANG Wen-chao1 , WU Xin-chun1 , ZHOU Xiao2(1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, BNU, Beijing 100875 ; 2. Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, Chin)
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期51-63,共13页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
北京市社会科学基金重大项目“青少的创伤后应激障碍与创伤后成长的结构及影响机制研究”(15ZDA11).
