哪些人更有可能成为志愿者?——基于时间分配视角的实证分析

Who Is More Likely to Be a Volunteer?—An Empirical Analysis from Time Allocation

当前,我国社会老龄化趋势日益明显,人口红利快速消失。提高志愿服务的居民参与率,可有效补充市场劳动力短缺,促进经济社会健康、可持续发展。时间是志愿服务的最重要投入资源,但时间如何影响参与率,已有研究并未形成一致结论。研究基于Becker的时间分配理论,并根据志愿服务的性质特点,将居民时间划分为三类:工作时间、生活时间和自由时间。利用CGPiS2016北京市入户调查数据,具体研究不同类型时间对居民参与志愿服务概率的影响。通过构建logit二值选择模型,在控制其他常规变量的前提下,得出如下结论:1.工作时间对参与概率的影响为负,但不显著;2.生活时间的影响为负且显著,若每周增加1小时,参与可能性会减少0.7%;自由时间的影响为正且显著,若每周增加1小时,参与可能性会增加0.7%。同时,"接受过志愿服务"及"家人中有志愿者"两个因素,均对居民的参与概率产生稳定的积极影响,表明志愿服务有着显著的正外部性。上述结论意味着:我国要提高志愿服务的居民参与率,就应该减轻居民的工作和生活压力,发挥工作单位的组织动员作用,扩大志愿服务惠及居民的范围。

This research is designed to explore who are more likely to be volunteers through a study of the participants＇ time allocation. The participants＇ time is generally divided into three parts based on the nature of the volunteering service： working hour, family hours and free hours, and the time dedicated to volunteering service is categorized into the third one. The influence of time allocation on the potential volunteers＇ participation in volunteering service was studied on logit models with the data of China Genuine Progress Indicator Survey （CGPiS） （Beijing, 2016）. The results demonstrated that working hours had a negative but insignificant influence, While the impact of family hours was negative and significant, and the effect of free hours was both positive and significant. The levels of these significant influences were also explored. The probability of the participants＇ taking part in volunteering service would decrease 0.70% if family hours increased 1 hour per week, but the probability would increase 0.7 % if free hours increased 1 hour per week. In addition, the participants would be more likely to be volunteers if they did volunteering service before or if their family members are currently doing volunteering service.