森林生态系统水源涵养服务功能解析

Analyzing the water conservation service function of the forest ecosystem

森林水源涵养功能作为森林生态系统服务的一个重要方面,在国内的研究已有数十年的历史。多数研究中将森林水源涵养功能狭义地等同于森林对降雨的拦蓄能力或对径流的调节能力,而忽略了其对各水文过程的整体性作用以及对气象和土壤因子的综合性影响。此外,在不同研究区域中,对于森林水源涵养功能的理解和研究方法往往一概而论,并未考虑研究区域的自然条件特性和社会经济特征,这使得研究结果的区域针对性不足,限制了对其进一步的应用推广。针对上述问题,在全面分析森林水源涵养的含义和特征之后,定义了不同区域的水源涵养功能内涵和主导服务,并给出了不同区域森林水源涵养功能的适宜计算方法,以期为不同区域森林水源涵养功能的全面提升和水源涵养林生态修复工程提供科学依据。

Because it is an important aspect of forest ecosystem services, the water conservation function of forest ecosystems has been researched in China for several decades. In most of the studies, the forest water conservation function was nearly equivalent to the ability of the forest to store rain or regulate runoff, which neglected its comprehensive effect on other hydrological processes, as well as both weather and soil factors. In addition, the understanding and research methods for the forest water conservation function were often generalized in different research areas. The natural conditions and socio- economic characteristics of the study areas were not considered, which weakened the regional pertinency of the research results and restricted their further application. To provide a scientific reference for the all-inclusive improvement of the forest water conservation function and the forest ecological restoration projects in various regions, this paper comprehensively analyzed the conceptions and characteristics of forest water conservation, defined the different components of the regional water conservation function and leading service, and offered suitable calculation methods for the forest water conservation function in different regions.