运动介质洛伦兹协变电磁理论

LORENTZ COVARIANT FORM OF ELECTROMAGNETISM IN THE MOVING MEDIA

虽然麦克斯韦方程组可以写成协变形式,但由于本构关系协变性质不明显,所以大多数教科书中的介质电磁理论不是明显洛伦兹协变的。本文列举了物理学家给出的不同的介质麦克斯韦方程组,并重点讨论了最广泛使用的形式:闵可夫斯基公式和朱公式的异同。利用空间平均的方法分析了运动介质微观极化与磁化的相关规律。然后将本构关系写成了洛伦兹协变形式,借此得到了介质协变电磁学理论。采用的宏观处理办法可以弥补微观非相对论方法的缺陷。最后将介质中不明显协变的波动方程推广为洛伦兹协变的波动方程,验证运动介质中速度的相对论叠加公式,并推广了多普勒频移公式。

Though the Maxwell＇s equations can be written in a covariant form,the electromagnetism in the media is not superficially Lorentz covariant in most text books because of the non-covariant constitutive relations.In this paper,we listed different forms of Maxwell＇s equations in the media,and discussed the similarities and differences between the two widely used forms Minkowski formulation and Chu formulation.The spatial average method was used to analyze relevant laws on microscopic polarization and magnetization,and the Lorentz covariant form of constitutive equations was given.We obtained the covariant theory of electromagnetism in the media.The macroscopic method we used could make up for the deficiencies of non-relativistic microscopic treatments.Finally,we generalized the wave equation in media to a Lorentz covariant form,checked the relativistic velocity addition formula of light,and generalized the formula of the Doppler shift.