社会主义核心价值观入法入规与惩罚性赔偿制度--以自由价值观为分析中心

Codifying Socialist Core Values into Laws and the System of Punitive Damages——Based on the Value of Freedom

培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,必须推动社会主义核心价值观入法入规,把法律的规范性和引领性结合起来。自由是社会主义核心价值观的重要内容之一,与民法的核心价值不谋而合。惩罚性赔偿制度的演进史就是一部对自由价值孜孜以求的历史。尽管古代社会的惩罚性赔偿存在法律与宗教不分、公法与私法合一以及对贵族和宗教予以优位保护等缺陷,但各国大都将惩罚性赔偿的适用条件严格限定于加害人的恶意侵权及贪利性侵权等具有严重主观恶性的侵权行为,推动了自由价值观萌芽,但与现代民法所追求的自由价值相比,管制的色彩极其浓厚。近现代社会,英美法系主要是通过追求效率来促进自由价值目标的实现,而大陆法系则主要通过对平等价值的维护来体现对自由价值的尊重,二者对自由价值观的追求"殊途同归"。惩罚性赔偿制度对自由的促进和保障有一个渐进的过程,需要借助民法典编纂的契机对该制度不断完善和发展。

To foster and practice socialist core values,socialist core values must be codified into laws and normalization and guidance function of laws combined.Freedom is one of the important conponent of socialist core values,which coincides with the core value of civil law.The evolutionary history of punitive damages is a history of striving for freedom.The exist of punitive damages in ancient society has some weakness,such as no clear distinction between law and religion,the confusion between public law and private law,the privilege for aristocracy and religion etc.However,the applicable conditions of punitive damages are strictly confined to infringements with serious subjective viciousness or willful property infringement in most countries,to some degree promoted the sprouting of freedom,but showed too much force in the context of the freedom pursued by modern civil law.In modern society,the common law system makes efforts to realize the goal for freedom by the pursuit of efficiency,while the civil law system pay more attention to equality so as to respect freedom.In other words,both of them pull in the same direction.The promotion and guarantee of freedom which attribute to the system of punitive damages goes through a gradual process,thus,it is necessary to take advantage of the codification of civil code to improve the system.