马克思主义文艺社会学重建的文学场路径

The Rebuild of Marxism Literary and Artistic Sociology from Perspective of Literary Field

马克思主义文艺社会学长期以来是文艺学学科的主流话语形态,而以庸俗社会学为模版的学科理论则最终陷入了"决定论/还原论"的窠臼。随后兴起的文学审美化研究与文化研究则是对这种机械唯物主义的反拨,但与此同时其也造成了文学的式微。面对新时代的文艺发展需求,有必要克服传统文艺社会学的"决定论/还原论"倾向而建设出一种"中介论"的新型马克思主义文艺社会学来重新拉近文艺与社会的关系。对此,布尔迪厄的"文学场"理论为人们提供了理论资源:文学场在吸收了内部研究与外部研究的合理因素后,从文学生产与文学接受的双重维度重新定义了文艺社会学的研究范畴。而在文艺与社会关系的关系上,其也对马克思关于上层建筑对经济基础的反作用论点做出了发展性的阐释。这为重建中国马克思文艺社会学提供了重要的学术理论资源的借鉴。

Marxism Literary and Artistic Sociology has long been the mainstream discourse of the discipline Chinese Literature and finally has caught in the"determinism/reductionism"set pattern with the normal of vulgar sociology.The rise of literary aesthetic research and Cultural Studies were the backwash of this mechanical materialism,and also caused the decline of literature.Facing the development of literature and art's demand in the new era,it is necessary to overcome the tendency of"determinism/reductionism"in traditional Literary and Artistic Sociology to construct a new kind of Marxism Literary and Artistic Sociology with"intermediary theory"for reconnecting the relationship between literature and society.Bourdieu's"literary field"theory opens up a new construction path for us:the Literary Field has absorbed the rational elements of Internal Research and External Research to redefine the research category of the sociology of Literary and Artistic Sociology from the literary production and literary reception.Among relationship of literature,art and society,it also makes a developmental interpretation of Marx's reaction to the economic foundation of the superstructure which provides a reference for us to reconstruct the Chinese Marxism Literary and Artistic Sociology.