《资本论》商品论中的道德维度探析

An Analysis on Morality in the “Theory of Commodity Fetishism” of Das Kapital

要探讨马克思《资本论》所批判和揭示的资本主义社会的整体道德问题,必须首先对其商品论中的道德伦理维度进行探析。商品的价值形式论表征着《资本论》的"哥白尼转向",目的在于揭示人与人之间的社会关系,对商品论中所蕴含的道德伦理维度的探析需从这里开始。商品价值形式论中的非对称性关系使资本主义社会的"物神崇拜"成为现实,而"物神崇拜"在精神层面又使"欲望"成为资本主义社会中人的普遍精神状态。从批判资本主义社会的欲望出发,可以发现《资本论》的商品论中一直隐藏着批判致富欲或求金欲的元伦理学。

To explore the morality of capitalism criticized and unveiled in Das Kapital,it is necessary to analyze the morality of the theory of commodity fetishism at the very beginning.The value form of commodities proposed in Das Kapital,where our analysis of morality and ethics start,is referred to as"Copernicus inversion",intend to reveal the social relationship between people.According to the theory,"commodity fetishism"in a capitalist society is consequent on an asymmetrical relationship.However,commodity fetishism makes"desire"a spiritual norm in a capitalist society.As we begin with the critique of desire in capitalism,we will observe a kind of meta-ethics,which criticizes the desire to pursuit wealth or money,within the theory of the Capital.