农村养殖户和非养殖户对抗生素认知和使用态度差异及影响因素

Differences and their influencing factors in cognition and attitude on antibiotics use between breeding farmers and crop farmers

目的发现中国农村居民中养殖户与非养殖户对抗生素认知和使用态度的差异,并探求差异产生的原因。方法于2015年7月在山东省Z县H镇采用等距抽样的方法选择12个村庄780名居民开展问卷调查,分析养殖户群体与非养殖户群体的抗生素认知和使用态度现状,比较两者间的差异,并分析其影响因素。结果养殖户群体的抗生素总体知晓率、高识别率、基础知识具备率和高过度使用期望占比分别为35.6%(117/329)、33.7%(111/329)、30.7%(101/329)和31.6%(104/329)。而非养殖户群体则为22.5%(79/351)、16.8%(59/351)、18.5%(65/351)和18.2%(64/351)。在控制了年龄、文化水平等因素后,两者之间的差异仍具有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.553、2.199、1.622和1.869,P<0.05)。结论农村居民中养殖户群体比非养殖户群体具有更高的抗生素认知水平,产生过度使用期望的可能性更大,养殖行为是差异产生的影响因素之一。

Objective To investigate the differences in knowledge and attitude about antibiotics use between breeding farmers and crop farmers and to explore factors related to the differences.Methods A total of 780 residents from 12 villages were selected with probability-proportional-to-size sampling in a county of Shandong province. A face-to-face interview was conducted with a questionnaire to collect information about cognition and attitude on antibiotics use among breeding farmers and crop famers; then the differences in the cognition and attitude between the two groups and their influencing were analyzed.Results Compared to those in the crop farmers, higher rates for antibiotics related overall awareness （35.6% vs. 22.5%）, recognition （33.7% vs. 16.8%）, basic knowledge （30.7% vs. 18.5%） and a higher proportion of expectation for large amount of antibiotics use （31.6% vs. 18.2%） were observed in the breeding farmers; the differences were of statistical significance after adjusting for age and education level （P 〈 0.05 for all）, with the odds ratio values of 1.553, 2.199, 1.622, and 1.869, respectively （all P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The cognition of antibiotics and expectation for large amount of antibiotics usage are higher among breeding farmers than among crop farmers in Shandong province and breeding practice is one of factors influencing the differences between the two groups.