基于温室番茄生长、产量和品质确定适宜滴灌灌水下限与氮肥、钾肥施用量

Determining the Appropriate Drip Irrigation Lower Limit and Nitrogen Fertilizer,Potassium Based on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato in Greenhouse to Fertilizer Application

为寻找利于番茄高产高质的合理灌水施肥组合,在水肥一体化条件下,采用正交试验和模型预测探究不同灌水下限、施氮量、施钾量对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明:提高灌水下限,可以增加茎粗和叶面积;大量施入氮肥不利于茎粗的增加,但对于增加番茄叶面积有促进作用;钾肥施入量对番茄茎粗、叶面积均无显著影响。在生育前期适当的增加灌水和减少氮肥施入量,有利于植株的生长。灌水下限、施氮量和施钾量均对番茄产量具有显著影响,且随灌水施肥量的增加,产量呈现先增加后减少的趋势。经评分法分析,W2N2K2水肥组合可以得到最优品质。通过模型精确预测,得出在灌水下限为76%,施氮量358.5 kg/hm2,施钾量607.5 kg/hm2时,产量最高、品质优,作物生长良好,预测产量为108.82 t/hm2。

In order to find a reasonable combination of fertilization and fertilization for the high yield and high quality of tomatoes, the effects of different irrigation limits, nitrogen application rates and potassium application rates on tomato growth, yield and quality are studied by the orthogonal test and model prediction under the condition of water and fertilizer integration. The results show that increasing the lower limit of irrigation can increase stem diameter and leaf areas. A large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is not conducive to the increase in stem diameters, but it can promote the increase in tomato leaf area. Potassium fertilizer application has no significant effect on the stem and leaf area of tomatoes. Increasing irrigation appropriately and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied are beneficial to the growth of plants in the vegetative growth stage. The lower limit of irrigation, the amount of nitrogen applied and the amount of potassium applied has a significant effect on the tomato yield. With the increase in irrigation and amount of fertilizer, yields increase first and then decrease. W2N2K2 combination of water and fertilizer can get the best quality analyzed by the score. It is found that when the lower limit of irrigation is 76%, the upper limit is 100%, the amount of nitrogen applied is 358.5 kg/hm2 and the amount of potassium is 607.5 kg/hm2, there will be the highest vield.good quality, good crop growth. The predicted yield is 108.82 t/hm2.