云南农村饮水安全工程现状分析与思考

Reflections on the Current Rural Drinking Water Safety Projects in Yunnan Province

农村饮水安全工程的实施结束了云南农村严重缺乏饮用水的历史,农村供水保障能力得到大幅提升。但现阶段仍存在诸多问题:工程造价高、规模小;设计供水规模偏大,产能利用率低;供水成本高,水价制定不合理,水费征收率低;水质合格率处于全国较低水平。分析表明,大力发展当地经济,进而通过投资使更多的县实现区域规模化供水及城乡供水一体化,是解决云南农村饮水安全工程现存问题的重要途径。建议:从全县角度做好顶层设计和总体规划,建立以政府为主体的多渠道投融资体系以吸引社会资本参与工程建设运营,进一步提高产能利用率,构建综合考虑供水成本、节约用水、农民承受能力和财政补贴的水价形成机制,重点加强消毒和沉淀过滤,引导农民煮沸后饮用开水。

The implementation of the rural drinking water safety projects has ended the history of serious lack of rural drinking water in Yunnan Province so that the ability of water supply has been improved. However, there are many problems at the present stage： Project construction costs are high, and scale of projects are small. Designed scales of water supply are so large that the waste of productivities are huge. Water price formulation was unreasonable. The pass percent of water quality is at the low level. It is an important way to solve the existing problems of the rural drinking water safety projects that achieving regional scale water supply and integration of urban and rural water supply by means of vigorously developing local economy. We suggest countries should make top-level design and overall planning from a globe view, and establish the government-led multi-channel investment and financing system in order to attract social capital to participate in the project construction and operation. Project managers try to enhance capacity utilization, and industry managers try to establish the water price mechanism based on water supply cost, saving water and farmers＂ tolerance and fiscal subsidies, and strengthen the disinfection and precipitation filtration of rural water.