尤金·奥德姆的生态系统概念内涵及其欠缺分析

An Analysis of Odum's Ecosystem Concept and Its Deficiencies

通过对奥德姆不同时期的生态系统概念及其内涵的分析梳理,发现他的生态系统整体论是沿着生态系统关系、生态系统功能、生态系统能量的路径演进,其本体论和认识论呈现出范围不断缩小、更加精准的特点。但是,这些定义也存在内在逻辑不清、无法界定清晰的生态系统边界和客观实在性、方法论的还原性属性以及没有刻画生态系统信息流特征等问题。

By analyzing the ecosystem concept of E. P. Odum in different periods, we have found his ecosystem holism had evolved along from ecosystem relationship, to ecosystem function and to ecosystem energy. His ontology and epistemology showed a trend of shrinking area and more precision. However, these definitions also have their deficiencies. For example, the internal logic is not clear, the ecosystem boundary and objective reality cannot be clearly defined, his methods are rooted firmly in reductionist beliefs directing opposition to his ontological holism, and information flow in the ecosystem is not described in his definitions.