重庆市全新统冲积物发育土壤的系统分类研究

Taxonomy of Soils Derived from Holocene Alluvial Sediments in Chongqing

为明确重庆市第四系全新统(Qh)冲积物发育土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,本文以该成土母质发育的土壤为研究对象,挖掘9个典型土壤剖面,通过野外观测、分层取样及理化性质分析等,依据现行中国土壤系统分类检索,对其进行分类和命名,并与发生分类进行参比。结果表明:9个供试土壤剖面分别归属于雏形土和新成土2个土纲,5个亚类,其中5个为石灰淡色潮湿雏形土,1个为铁质简育常湿雏形土,1个为斑纹简育湿润雏形土,1个为潜育潮湿冲积新成土,1个为石灰潮湿冲积新成土;隶属于发生学分类潮土土类的6个供试剖面分别归为系统分类中淡色潮湿雏形土、简育常湿雏形土和简育湿润雏形土3个土类,而隶属于发生学分类新积土土类的3个供试剖面则分别归为系统分类中淡色潮湿雏形土和潮湿冲积新成土2个土类。结合成土环境分析可知,地形、气候和母质是影响重庆市第四系全新统冲积物发育土壤系统分类的重要因素。

In order to study the Chinese Soil Taxonomy（CST） of soils derived from the Quaternary Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing, 9 typical soil profiles were selected and surveyed, soil-forming conditions were investigated, soil morphological characteristics of the profiles were observed, soil horizons were determined and the horizon samples were collected, the physical and chemical properties of the samples were measured, the taxonomy of tested soils were determined according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy（CST）, and the references to Genetic Soil Classification（GSC） were established at the subgroup level. The results showed that the 9 tested soil profiles were identified as 2 orders of Cambosols and Primosols, and 5 subgroups. Among of them, 5 soil profiles were classified as Calcaric Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, the other 4 ones identified as Ferric Hapli-Perudic Cambosols, Mottlic Hapli-Udic Cambosols, Gleyic Aqui-Alluvic Primosols and Calcaric Aqui-Alluvic Primosols respectively. The fluvo-aquic soil group in GSC was sorted into 3 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, Hapli-Perudic Cambosols and Hapli-Udic Cambosols in CST, and the alluvial soil group of GSC was sorted into 2 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols and Aqui-Alluvic Primosols in CST. The analysis of soil-forming conditions showed that topography, climate and parent material were the important factors influencing the development and taxonomy for the soils derived from Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing.