21世纪以来俄罗斯高等教育国际化战略:动因、举措和特征

Higher Education Internationalization Strategy in Russia since 2000:Motivations,Measures and Characteristics

21世纪以来的俄罗斯高等教育国际化战略有着深刻的政治、经济和学术动因。其具体举措包括:招收留学生,派出留学生和教师,拓展跨境高等教育机构,开展科学研究的国际合作,推广俄语与俄罗斯文化等。这一战略按照优先性分为构筑独联体统一教育空间、融入欧洲博洛尼亚进程和扩大世界范围的教育交流三个层次,在实施主体上是政府-高校协作型,在向度上是输出略大于输入,在深度上引发了高等教育深刻改革。

Since 2000 Russian higher education internationalization strategy has deep political, economic and academic motivations. Russia has been taking series of measures, including recruiting foreign students,sending out students and scholars, establishing cross-border institutions, developing cooperation with other countries in scientific research, spreading Russian and Russian culture. In accordance with the priority, Russian higher education internationalization strategy can be divided into three circles： building a common educational space of CIS, integrating Russia into European Bologna Process and expanding education exchanges and cooperation with other countries in the world. It is shifted from the government-led behavior into the conscious actions of higher education institutions. The strategy follows an ＂export-import＂ two-way orientation. Currently,the export scale is slightly larger than import. Moreover, Russian internationalization strategy has triggered profound reforms in higher education.