微小RNA相关单核苷酸多态性在变应性鼻炎及其相关疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of microrna related single nucleotide polymorphisms in allergic rhinitis and its related diseases

变应性鼻炎是机体暴露于变应原后，主要由IgE介导的鼻黏膜非感染性慢性炎性疾病，给患者生活质量带来严重影响，其发生与环境及遗传因素有关。MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类长度为18-24个核苷酸的小的非编码RNA，microRNA特异性地作用于靶基因上的互补序列，下调靶基因编码的蛋白翻译水平。靶基因序列的单核苷酸多态性的存在，能影响miRNAs与靶基因的结合能力，从而调控靶基因编码蛋白表达水平。microRNA靶基因序列的单核苷酸多态性在多种疾病的发生发展中起重要作用。本文从变应性鼻炎及相关疾病入手，总结近年来microRNA相关单核苷酸多态性与在支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎中的研究进展。

Allergic rhinitis is a noninfectious chronic inflammation of nasal which is mainly mediated by IgE after exposure to allergens. It has a serious impact on the life quality of thepatients, and is correlated with environmental factors and genetic predisposition. MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small, non-coding RNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides in length. MicroRNA specifically targets complementary sequences on the target gene to down-regulate protein translation levels of the target gene. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of the target gene sequence can affect the binding ability of the miRNAs to the target gene and thereby regulate the protein expression of the target gene. SNPs of microRNA target gene sequences play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The review focus on allergic rhinitis and its related diseases, and summarizes the recent research of microRNA related SNP in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.