山东省聊城市饮水型高碘地区分布现状与特征分析

Status and regional distribution of areas with high iodine concentration in residents drinking water in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province

目的调查山东省聊城市饮水型高碘地区分布情况及特征，为制订和实施干预措施提供数据支持。方法2011-2013年，在聊城市8个县（市、区）内所有行政村采集1-3个生活饮用水样本，同时在采集水样的部分乡镇的居民户中采集食用盐样品1份。水碘检测采用砷铈分光光度法；盐碘检测采用半定量法。根据《水源性高碘地区和高碘病区的划定》（GB/T 19380-2016）和《碘缺乏病病区划分》（GB 16005-2009）进行区域划分，分析高碘地区的分布特征。结果共采集134个乡镇、5 865个村的水样7 794份，总的水碘中位数为158.2 μg/L。其中〈 10 μg/L的57份，占总水样的0.7%；10-100 μg/L的2 286份，占总水样的29.3%；〉 100 μg/L的5 451份，占总水样的69.9%。聊城市非高碘（水碘在10-100 μg/L）乡镇占24.6%（33/134），高碘（水碘〉 100 μg/L）乡镇占75.4%（101/134），无缺碘（水碘〈 10 μg/L）乡镇。高碘地区呈片状或灶块状分布。共采集56个乡镇、219个村的食用盐样3 300份，其中碘盐1 183份，碘盐覆盖率为35.85%（1 183/3 300），非碘盐共2 117份，非碘盐覆盖率为64.15%（2 117/3 300）；其中高碘（水碘〉 100 μg/L）乡镇36个，碘盐覆盖率为10.72%（225/2 099），非高碘（水碘在10-100 μg/L）乡镇20个，碘盐覆盖率为79.77%（958/1 201）。结论聊城市居民受高碘危害较为严重，高碘地区和非高碘地区并存。

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and characteristics of iodine excess areas in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province, and to provide data evidence for taking intervention measures.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2013, 1-3 samples of drinking water were collected from all administrative villages in 8 counties （cities and districts） of Liaocheng. At the same time, 1 sample of edible salt was collected from the household where water samples were collected. Arsenic and cerium spectrophotometry was used for the detection of water iodine and salt iodine was detected by semi-quantitative method. The region were divide according to the definition of ＂Water Source Excess Iodine Area and Excess Iodine Disease Area＂ （GB/T 19380-2016） and ＂Division of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Area＂ （GB 16005-2009）.ResultsA total of 7 794 water samples were collected in 5 865 villages of 134 towns and the iodine median was 158.2 μg/L. The median of water iodine of 57 samples was less than 10 μg/L in drinking water and the ratio was 0.7%; 2 286 samples were 10-100 μg/L and the ratio was 29.3%; 5 451 samples were over 100 μg/L and the ratio was 69.9%. The towns with suitable water iodine（10-100 μg/L） and high water iodine （〉 100 μg/L） were 24.6% （33/134） and 75.4% （101/134） , respectively, and no iodine deficiency town was found. The areas with high water iodine were distributed in patchy or foci. A total of 3 300 salt samples were collected, among them, iodized salt was 1 183 （35.58%, 1 183/3 300） and non-iodized salt was 2 117 （64.15%, 2 117/3 300）. Among them, there were 36 towns with high iodine content and 20 towns with suitable iodine content, and the iodized salt coverage rates were 10.72% （225/2 099） and 79.77% （958/1 201）, respectively.ConclusionsThe population of Liaocheng City is at risk of iodine excess. The high iodine areas coexists with suitable iodine areas.