水稻与稻瘟病菌相互作用研究进展

Recent Understanding on the Interactions Between Rice and Magnaporthe oryzae

作为一种主要粮食作物,水稻的生产影响全球经济的稳步增长。各种生物、非生物胁迫威胁水稻的生长发育过程。稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae(syn.Pyricularia oryzae)为重要的农业病原微生物,其引起的稻瘟病是世界性水稻重要病害,给水稻生产造成严重产量损失。相对于传统的化学农药防治,培育抗稻瘟病水稻品种是比较环保、有效的病害防治策略,然而田间稻瘟病菌群体复杂多样,小种遗传变异速度很快,抗病水稻品种的种植年限和范围受限。因此,掌握水稻抗病机理和稻瘟病菌致病机制有助于制定更好的防治措施。水稻与稻瘟病菌的相互作用过程涉及了不同层次的植物免疫反应,根据近年来水稻和稻瘟病菌功能基因组学研究上的最新进展,侧重对水稻抗稻瘟病的分子机理和信号传导方面进行了综述,并展望了二者研究所面临的机遇和挑战,以期进一步推进水稻与稻瘟病菌互作的分子机理研究,并为水稻的抗病育种提供借鉴。

As a grain,rice production affects the steady growth of global economy. Varied biological and abiotic stresses threatenthe rice＇s growth and development. Rice blast,caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae（syn. Pyricularia oryzae）of crucialagricultural pathogenic microorganism,is key disease of rice（Oryza sativa）in the world,resulting in the huge rice yield loss. Comparedwith the prevention and control by traditional chemical pesticides,breeding disease-resistant cultivars is a more environmental-friendly andeffective method to protect rice from rice blast. Nevertheless,the length and range of planting disease-resistant rice cultivars are limited dueto the highly-frequent mutations of M. oryzae isolates and the high complex of M. oryzae populations in field. Therefore,understanding ricedisease-resistant mechanisms and pathogenic mechanisms of rice blast fungus are beneficial to formulate better prevention and control measures.Rice-M. oryzae interactions involved in different layers of plant innate immunity. Recent years, great progresses have been achieved in functionalgenomics of rice and M. oryzae. In this review,we mainly summarized the progresses on rice blast disease resistance mechanisms and defensesignaling in rice. We also prospected the challenges and opportunities in future study of rice-M. oryzae interaction,and hope to promote furtherstudy on their interaction and provide reference for rice breeding for blast disease resistance.