水稻与病原物互作中植物激素功能的研究进展

Functions of Phytohormones During the Interactions Between Rice and Pathogens

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物,在国民经济和生活中占据重要地位。在水稻的周年生产中,病虫害的控制最为关键。因此,了解水稻与病虫害的互作机理,对水稻的育种和生产具有重要指导意义。植物激素是在植物生命活动中必不可少,调控植物生长、发育、衰老等主要生理过程的一类有机分子。近年来,大量实验证据表明,在植物与病原物互作过程中,植物内源激素也发挥着重要作用。随着水稻抗病和感病的机理解析越来越多,有关植物激素所扮演的重要功能角色也愈发清晰。其中,水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯研究最为广泛,它们之间的相互拮抗或协同效应决定了植物对病原物的防御反应强度。其它激素如:油菜素内酯、赤霉素、生长素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸等,单独或者通过调控水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯信号分子转导网络也参与植物与病原物互作过程。本研究综述了各大植物激素在水稻抗病或感病中作用,并对其未来研究进行展望,以便为水稻病害的防治提供理论依据。

Rice is the uppermost food crop,thus is critical in people＇s living and national economy in China. The control of pathogensand pests is crucial in the rice production year by year. Therefore,understanding the mechanisms underlying the interaction between rice andits pathogens is meaningful and instructive for rice breeding and production. Phytohormones are small signaling compounds and essential inregulating the growth,development,and aging of plant. Recently,increasingly evidences indicate that plant endogenous phytohormones alsoplay important roles in response to pathogen challenges. With more and more analysis of the mechanism of disease resistance and susceptibilityin rice,the important function of plant hormones is becoming growingly clear. It is well known that salicylates（SAs）,jasmonates（JAs）,and ethylene（ET）,functioning in synergistic or antagonistic manners,are primarily involved in plant defense. Brassinosteroids（BRs）,gibberellins（GAs）,abscisic acid（ABA）,auxins（IAA）,and cytokinins（CKs）also function in plant defense,either alone orcrosstalk with the primary defense hormones of SAs,JAs,and ET. This study reviewed the role of plant hormones in rice disease resistance orsusceptibility,and prospected its future research in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of rice diseases.