效应子及其与小麦条锈菌致病性的关系

Effectors and Their Involvement in Pathogenicity of Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus

植物病原菌和寄主植物竞争进化过程中分泌称为效应子(Effectors)的复杂的分子,其逃避或抑制寄主的免疫反应,干扰寄主的各种生理过程,从而有利于提高病原菌寄生适合度、定殖能力和传播能力。利用基因组序列和转录组测序数据预测小麦条锈菌中含有两千多个候选效应子,但由于小麦条锈菌缺乏有效的遗传转化体系,目前对其效应子功能的研究进展缓慢。在介绍效应子分类及其特征基础上,结合可运用于小麦条锈菌效应子功能研究的方法,从分子水平上阐释小麦条锈菌与寄主植物互作取得的进展,关注效应子靶定的寄主亚细胞成分及其与致病性的关系。这些进展有利于深入认识小麦条锈菌效应子的生物学功能,并为深入探讨小麦条锈菌的致病机制,制定新的防治策略提供方向。

The complex molecules called effectors are secreted during the process of competition and evolution between pathogensand host plants,and they escape or subvert hosts defense responses,as well as interfere with various physiological processes of the host,subsequently,which is beneficial to increase the pathogen＇s capacity of fitness,propagation and long-distance migration. Over two thousandsof candidate effectors were predicted in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici（Pst）based on the genome or transcriptome sequences,however,few have been analyzed for their effector function because of lacking an efficient and reliable system for stable transformation. In this paper,we summarized the current knowledge of effectors for its classification and structure characterization,and explained the molecular basis ofinteraction between Pst and host,along with technological methods suitable for function analysis in Pst. Also we considered the relationshipbetween the targeted subcellular compartments of hosts and pathogenesis. These progresses may help comprehensively understand the biology ofthe effectors,and may be beneficial to offer further insights into the pathogenesis in Pst and to contribute new strategies for durably controllingthis disease.