清至民国昆明契约心理及贫困化趋势——以279件土地契约为基础

Contracts Psychology and Poverty Trend of Kunming from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China——Based on Observation of 279 Land Contracts

《云南省博物馆馆藏契约文书整理与汇编》是研究昆明土地契约的重要文献资料,其中所见的279件土地契约对研究清至民国昆明社会经济史有重要意义。清至民国昆明土地契约的格式化中,表现出百姓订立契约的郑重与承诺;订立红契往往意味着百姓(一般是贫穷的卖主)要付出较高的土地交易税,所以百姓订立的契约仍以白契为多;昆明百姓订立契约的月份分布有规律。279件土地契约反映出当时农村社会贫富分化,战争、天灾、"公捐"、通货膨胀等原因导致昆明百姓的贫困化。

Real estate contracts reflect the change of land ownership and transition of trade manner in social progress. They have become the milestone of investigating social economic history. The book named as Collection and Arrangement of legal Contracts and Documents Held in Yunnan Province Library is one of the most important literature of legal contracts and documents found in Yunnan from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Real estate contracts found in this book have profound influence on studying social economic history of Kunming of that time. The study finds that real estate trading has the characteristics of countryside land ownership at the beginning of Qing Dynasty,but it goes to the market tendency starting from the year of the Republic of China. In the meantime,real estate contracts then have fixed form and they have become legal documents since the year of the Republic of China.