语言层次中的演变与竞争

Evolution and Competition of Linguistic Level

语音的不规则现象是观察语言演变的重要窗口,描写和解释这些例外的事实,是了解语言历史、归纳语言演变规律的重要途径。在苗语川黔滇次方言木格倒话中~①,数词"十",有多种语音近似的音节形式,但是在构成数词时,语用分布呈现互补,并在口语中出现竞争事实。用其主要历史语言学方法,结合研究语言学的其他合理方法,从语言内部观察这种互补与竞争的语言事实,例证语言中某些语言事实扩散的渐变性规律。

The irregular phenomena of pronunciation are important windows to observe the evolution of language,hence explaining these phenomena is a significant way to understand the history of language and to summarize the law of language evolution. As for the Mugedao dialect of Hmong spoken in parts of Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou,the numeral ＂ten＂has many syllable forms with similar sounds. But in composing the numeral,the pragmatic distribution is complementary,and the competition fact appears in the spoken language. Combining with other reasonable methods of linguistic study,this paper observes these phenomena and illustrates the gradual change of the diffusion of some linguistic facts in language through applying the method of historical linguistics.