2011-2016年山东省梅毒流行特征及发病趋势分析

Epidemiological characteristics and incidence tendency of syphilis in Shandong Province,2011-2016

目的分析2011-2016年山东省梅毒的流行特征,为预防梅毒的传播提供科学依据。方法收集山东省2011-2016年通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的梅毒数据。采用描述流行病学的方法对梅毒的流行特征进行分析。结果2011-2016年山东省梅毒的平均年发病率为14.45/10万,时间上呈不断上升趋势(χ2趋势=31.532,P<0.001),由2011年的8.56/10万,上升至2016年的19.75/10万,上升130.72%。山东省梅毒的构成以隐性梅毒为主,占43.07%。女性梅毒的发病率(14.86/10万)明显高于男性(13.74/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.348,P<0.001)。以35岁~年龄组为峰值,发病率最高,为23.66/10万。25~<55岁是山东省梅毒的高发年龄,发病率在14.97/10万以上。青岛、威海、烟台梅毒的发病率居全省前三位,分别为16.41/10万、15.24/10万、14.98/10万。梅毒职业分布以农民为主,占32.22%。结论2011-2016年山东省梅毒发病率增长迅速,控制形势仍然十分严峻。加强大众梅毒知识宣教,普及梅毒血清学筛查,对进一步降低山东省梅毒的流行具有重要意义。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2016, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention of syphilis transmission. Methods The data of syphilis in Shandong Province during 2011-2016 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and then descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis. Results The average annual incidence rate of syphilis in Shandong Province during 2011-2016 was 14.45/100,000, showing a constantly increasing tendency （χ2tendency=31.532, P〈0.001）. The incidence rate went up to 19.75/100,000 in 2016 from 8.56/100,000 in 2011, with an increase of 130.72%. Latent syphilis was the predominant type in Shandong Province, accounting for 43.07%. The incidence rate of syphilis was significantly higher in females than in males （14.86/100,000 vs. 13.74/100,000, χ2=36.348, P〈0.001）. The incidence rate of the age group of 35-44 years was the highest （23.66/100,000）. The cases mainly occurred in the age groups of 25-〈55 years, with the incidence rate being more than 14.97/100,000. Qingdao （16.41/100,000）, Weihai （15.24/100,000） and Yantai （14.98/100,000） ranked the top three incidence rates of syphilis in the province. Most of the patients were farmers, accounting for 32.22%. Conclusions The incidence rate of syphilis in Shangdong Province from 2011 to 2016 increased rapidly; and hence, the control situation was still very grim. It is of great significance for further declining the prevalence of syphilis in Shandong Province to strengthen the propaganda concerning syphilis knowledge and popularize serological screening test for syphilis.