谷子主要育成品种在新疆的遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) Mainly Bred Varieties in Xinjiang Province,China

以274份谷子种质资源为材料,利用聚类分析和主成分分析方法,对参试资源16个农艺性状的遗传多样性进行综合评价。结果表明,参试材料的11个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均大于2.000,在新疆表现出广泛的遗传多样性。基于种质资源间形态标记的遗传差异,将274份谷子种质资源聚类并划分为6大类群。第Ⅰ类群(105份材料)生育期较短,属早熟类型,但其他性状表现一般;第Ⅱ类群(19份材料)出苗-抽穗日数最小,全生育期最短,早熟性明显,穗下节间长度相对其他类群较长;第Ⅲ类群(10份材料)生育期较短,主穗长相对较长,其余性状表现均处于较低水平;第Ⅳ类群(58份材料)主穗长、单穗重在各类群中处于较高水平,生育期相对较短;第Ⅴ类群(26份材料)生育期最长,属晚熟类型,除主穗长度最小外其余性状均表现突出;第Ⅵ类群(56份材料)生育期相对较长,属中晚熟类型,株高较低,生物产量处于中等水平。9个数量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分因子(单株秆重、株高、主穗直径)累计贡献率达70.41%,各主成分因子性状载荷值反映了育种中各性状的选择方向及潜力。综合评价谷子种质资源农艺性状,为新疆谷子资源收集、评价和利用提供一定的科学依据。

Sixteen agronomic traits of 274 genotypes ol toxtan huller t. ~ , -- comprehensive evaluated of genetic diversity by using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of all the 11 quantitative traits was greater tharl 2. 000, and test materials showed a wide range of genetic diversity in Xinjiang. Two hundreds and seventy four foxtail millet germplasm re- sources were clustered and classified into 6 groups based on the genetic differences of morphology markers among them. Group I contains 105 materials, has a shorter growth period, belongs to early maturity type, but the other traits perform poorly. Group I ,which includes 19 materials, the growth period is shortest, so is the duration between emergence and heading stage, and the uppermost internode length of it is longer than other groups. Group Ⅲ had shorter growth stage ,which consists of 10 materials, the main spike length of it is relatively long, but the other traits are all at low level. Group IV, including 58 materials, is superior to other groups in main spike length and single panicle weight, and the growth stage of it is shorter. Group V had the longest growth stage,which contains 26 mate- rials, belongs to late-maturing type, all the traits of it is better than other groups, except main spike length. Group VI includes 56 materials, has a longer growth stage, belongs to mid-late type, the plant height is low. The result of prin-cipal component analysis of 9 quantitative traits shows that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three princi- pal components is 70. 41%. The load values of each principal component trait reflect the selection potential and di- rection of each trait in breeding. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits of germplasm resources provided some scientific basis for the collection, evaluation and utilization of Xinjiang foxtail millet resources.