西藏豌豆资源蛋白质含量及遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Protein Content and Genetic Diversity in Pea Germplasm in Tibet

为探究西藏高原豌豆资源遗传多样性,分析种子蛋白质含量与生态地理环境间的关系。本研究搜集整理了54份来自西藏不同生态地理环境条件下的豌豆材料。利用SDS-PAGE对54份豌豆种子水溶性和盐溶性蛋白进行遗传多样性分析,测定种子蛋白质含量,分析地理生态因子(经度、纬度、海拔)与总蛋白含量间的关系。结果表明,54份豌豆材料种子总蛋白含量为17.58%~28.67%,其中水溶性蛋白占86.12%~91.40%,盐溶性蛋占4.76%~8.29%。相关分析表明,西藏豌豆种子总蛋白含量与经度呈显著正相关,与纬度呈正相关,而与海拔高度呈负相关。54份豌豆种子水溶性和盐溶性蛋白SDSPAGE分别检测出蛋白谱带1588条和699条,其中水溶性蛋白分出迁移率不同的谱带类型43种,基因多样性指数为0~0.50,相对分子量在24.71~149.54 Ku之间,且其谱带多集中于24.87~50.41 Ku低相对分子量区和56.34~88.08 Ku高相对分子量区;盐溶性蛋白分离出迁移率不同的谱带类型24条,基因多样性指数0~0.50,相对分子量在24.85~91.24 Ku之间。基于蛋白的谱带的聚类分析将54份豌豆资源可划分为7个类群,遗传相似系数变异范围为0.60~0.91;根据海拔高度将54份豌豆资源划分为4个地理类群,各类群蛋白谱带的基因多样性指数分别为0.23、0.18、0.35和0.31,Shannon's信息指数分别为0.33、0.41、0.52和0.46。西藏豌豆资源遗传变异较丰富,表现出随着海拔高度增加,遗传变异呈增大趋势。同时种子贮藏蛋白含量与经度呈显著正相关,而与纬度和海拔高度相关性不大。

To explore the genetic diversity of pea resources in Tibet plateau, and to analyze the relationship be- tween the content of seed protein and the ecological and geographical environment. Fifty-four landraces of pea from different ecological and geographical environment conditions of Tibet were collected, water soluble and salt soluble protein content of above genotypes were examined. While, the relationships between the protein contents （ total seed protein content, water soluble and salt soluble protein content）of above genotypes and geographical factors （longi- tude, latitude and elevation）were analyzed. The results showed that the total protein content of 54 pea seed samples ranged from 17.58% to 28.67% ,among which water soluble proteins accounted for 86. 12% to 91.40% ,and salt soluble proteins accounted for 4. 76% to 8.29%. The total protein content of Tibet field pea seed samples signifi- cantly correlated with longitude, and correlated with latitude ,but negatively correlated with altitude. 1588 water solu- ble and 699 salt soluble protein bands were detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis;among them,43 band types of water soluble protein and 24 band types of salt soluble protein based on migration rate were identified with diversity index ranged from 0 to 0. 50. The relative molecular weight of water soluble proteins ranged from 24. 71 Ku to 149.54 Ku, showing concentrated areas of low molecular weight （ 24. 85-50. 41 Ku ） and high molecular weight（56.34-88.08 Ku）. The relative molecular weight of salt soluble proteins ranged from 24. 85 Ku to 91.24 Ku. Based on the cluster analysis of protein bands,54 pea resources were divided into 7 groups ,and the variation range of genetic similarity coefficient was 0. 60-0. 91. The 54 pea landraces were divided into 4 geographical groups ac- cording to the altitude information,with genetic diversity indices of 0. 23,0. 18,0. 35 and 0. 31 ,and Shannon infor- mation index of 0. 33,0. 41,0. 52 and 0. 46. The genetic variation of pea resources in Tibet was abundant, which showed that the genetic variation was increasing with the increase of altitude. At the same time, the content of seed storage protein was positively correlated with the longitude, but not with latitude and altitude.