马铃薯抗褐变种质资源的鉴定与筛选

Identification and Selection for Potato Anti-browning Germplasm Resources

筛选抗褐变马铃薯基因,创造抗褐变新种质,培育抗褐变马铃薯新品种,旨在通过育种技术手段解决马铃薯加工中褐变现象。选用目前育种资源材料275份,通过测定褐化指数、褐化强度、煮后变褐3个指标来筛选抗褐变材料。结果表明:(1)对褐化指数进行聚类分析,第I类为高抗褐变材料,褐化指数0.00~16.67,13份材料;第II类为抗褐变材料,褐化指数25.00~37.50,14份材料;第III类为耐褐变材料,褐化指数41.67~54.17,20份材料;第IV类为易褐变材料,褐化指数62.50~83.33,50份材料;第V类为严重褐变材料,褐化指数为87.50~100.00,178份材料。(2)将30℃褐化20 min时心部褐化强度小于0.25,4℃放置24 h后,变化值不超过0.15的材料筛选出来,作为抗褐变材料。通过褐化强度试验共筛选出材料25份。(3)马铃薯煮后变褐高值为9,低值为5,大部分品种均可用于鲜食消费。通过3个指标最终筛选出高抗褐变材料4份,云薯501、CIP395109.29、CIP393615.6、云薯401;抗褐变材料4份,讷河高淀粉、CIP397100.9、克200950-3、s.goniocalyx。这些材料可作为抗褐变马铃薯新品种选育的基础材料。

The objective of this study was to select anti-browning potato gene and create new anti-browning potato germplasm resources, further to breed new anti-browning potato varieties. We hoped to use breeding technolo- gy to solve the browning phenomenon in potato processing 275 breeding varieties were selected as test materials. To select anti-browning varieties, we mensurated the three indexes, browning index, browning degree and ACD. （ 1 ） The cluster analysis of browning index showed that the varieties can be divided into 5 types. The first type was higher anti-browning material ,browning index 0. 00 -16.67,13 materials;the second type was high anti-browning materi- al, browning index 25.00 -37.50,14 materials;the third type was anti-browning material, browning index 41.67 54. 17,20 materials ;the fourth type was browning material, browning index 62.5 - 83.33,50 materials;the fifth type was the complete browning material, browning index was 87.50 -100.00,178 materials. （ 2 ） Browning degree of potato heart was less than 0. 25 when browning time was 20 min for 30 ~C , and after 4 ℃ for 24 h the variation val- ue was no more than 0. 15 ,which can be selected as anti-browning resources. A total of 25 materials were selected by browning degree. （3） Most potato resources can be used for fresh food consumption. The maximum value of ACD was 9, and the minimum was 5. There were 4 higher anti-browning materials, Yunshu 501, CIP395109.29, CIP393615.6, Yunshu 401 ;4 high anti-browning materials, Nehegaodianfen, CIP397100.9, Ke200950-3, s. gonioca-lyx. These S selected materials can be used as the basic material for breeding new potato anti-browning varieties.