山东章丘宁家埠遗址(2016)炭化植物遗存分析

Analysis on Charred Plant Remains from the Ningjiabu Site in Zhangqiu County of Shandong Province

对宁家埠遗址2016年发掘区龙山文化、商末周初、东周、汉代和宋元时期土样的浮选,发现了4474粒炭化植物种子果实,包括粟、黍和大豆等农作物,黍亚科、藜科、豆科和菊科等非农作物的种子果实以及少量硬果壳核。量化分析表明,宁家埠遗址从龙山文化到东周时期延续了中国北方地区的旱作农业传统,农作物以粟为主,到东周时期,农作物的比例明显上升,可能是随着铁制农具的使用,农业生产技术取得了较大的发展。各类野生植物遗存反映了居民对聚落周围野生植物的利用和聚落周围的生态环境变化。

Flotation samples were collected during the excavation at the Ningjiabu site in 2016, from the Longshan cul- ture, the end Shang and early Zhou, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Song and Yuan Dynasties. The charred plant remains discovered from the samples include charred wood and seeds of crops, and a total of 4474 charred plant remains were found. Identification shows that most of them belongs to cultivated cereals such as foxtail millet （Setariaitaliea L.）, broomcorn millet（Panieummiliaceum L.）, and soybean（Glyeine max Merr.）. In addition, there are a lot of other seeds, such as Panicoideae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Asteraceae and some hard shells. Quantitative analysis shows that the Ningjiabu site continued the agricultural tradition of dry farming in Northern China with the main crops being millet from Longshan Culture to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. By the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the proportion of crops obviously increased, possibly resuiting from the use of iron tools and great development in agricultural technology. The remains of all kinds of wild plants refleet the utilization of the wild plants by the residents and the changes of ecological environment around the settlements.